The Effects In Vitro of Photobiomodulation Over Fibroblasts and Extracellular Matrix.

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the potential effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) on cell proliferation and extracellular matrix production of human fibroblasts (FN1) cultured in 2D. Background: Patients with healing difficulties suffer injuries that take time to recover. In addition, aging can be seen in our faces daily when we look in the mirror; in both situations, collagen production is reduced. Fibroblasts act in the beginning and at the end of the inflammation phase, signaling to immune agents, and platelets, and producing collagen, coordinating repair. PBM increases cell viability, proliferation, and mRNA production. Methods: Human fibroblasts were irradiated three times after cell seed (after 24, 48, and 72 h) using a gallium-aluminum arsenideGaAlAs low-level laser (LLL). Cell viability, proliferative response, synthesis of collagen types I and III, and soluble collagen production were analyzed. The statistical significance of differences between groups was determined using unpaired one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) p < 0.05. Results: PBM increased significantly the number of fibroblasts, and the production of collagen types I (Col I) and III (Col III), after three sessions of LLL with 2.5 J per session, every 24 h, for 3 consecutive days; total energy delivered after 72 h is 7.5 J. Conclusions: This energy density of LLL increases fibroblast proliferation and collagen production in vitro without side effects.

The effects in vitro of photobiomodulation over fibroblasts and extracellular matrix

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the potential effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) on cell proliferation and extracellular matrix production of human fibroblasts (FN1) cultured in 2D. Background: Patients with healing difficulties suffer injuries that take time to recover. In addition, aging can be seen in our faces daily when we look in the mirror; in both situations, collagen production is reduced. Fibroblasts act in the beginning and at the end of the inflammation phase, signaling to immune agents, and platelets, and producing collagen, coordinating repair. PBM increases cell viability, proliferation, and mRNA production. Methods: Human fibroblasts were irradiated three times after cell seed (after 24, 48, and 72 h) using a gallium-aluminum arsenideGaAlAs low-level laser (LLL). Cell viability, proliferative response, synthesis of collagen types I and III, and soluble collagen production were analyzed. The statistical significance of differences between groups was determined using unpaired one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) p < 0.05. Results: PBM increased significantly the number of fibroblasts, and the production of collagen types I (Col I) and III (Col III), after three sessions of LLL with 2.5 J per session, every 24 h, for 3 consecutive days; total energy delivered after 72 h is 7.5 J. Conclusions: This energy density of LLL increases fibroblast proliferation and collagen production in vitro without side effects.

Ortodontia minimamente invasiva auxiliando a reabilitação estética dos incisivos superiores ­ relato de caso / Minimally invasive orthodontics can help aesthetic rehabilitation of the upper anterior teeth ­ a case report

Resumo Esse artigo descreve o tratamento de um diastema na região anterior da maxila utilizando uma abordagem multidisciplinar. Paciente do gênero feminino, 38 anos, procurou atendimento odontológico na Clínica Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Nove de Julho, com queixa estética devido ao diastema da linha média maxilar. Após exame clínico e tratamento periodontal, verificou-se a necessidade de alinhamento e nivelamento dos dentes anteriores. O excesso de papila gengival entre 11 e 21 foi submetido à exérese, e um aparelho ortodôntico fixo foi instalado em 12, 11, 21 e 22. Após três semanas, quando os dentes estavam posicionados em condições mais favoráveis, uma contenção Hawley foi adaptada para pequenas correções no sentido vestíbulo-lingual. Para a restauração dos dentes, foi feito um molde diagnóstico e enceramento para permitir a construção de uma matriz de silicone. Um compósito nano-híbrido e um micro-híbrido foram escolhidos e colocados seguindo a matriz de silicone ajustada ao lado palatino dos dentes. Após os procedimentos de acabamento e polimento, o resultado estético foi muito satisfatório tanto para o paciente quanto para a equipe odontológica. A relevância clínica desse caso indica que é possível treinar alunos de Graduação para alcançar o sucesso no tratamento de diastemas adversos da linha média em um curto período de tempo, com planejamento e interação entre diferentes especialidades odontológicas. (AU)

Abstract This manuscript described the treatment of anterior maxillary diastema using a multidisciplinary approach. A female patient, 38 years old, looked for dental treatment at the University Nove de Julho Dental School Clinic with an esthetic complaint due to maxillary midline diastema. After clinical examination and periodontal treatment, the necessity of alignment and leveling of the anterior teeth was verified. Excess of gingival papilla between 11 and 21 underwent exeresis and an orthodontic fixed appliance was installed in 12, 11, 21, and 22. After three weeks, when the teeth were positioned in a more favorable condition, a Hawley retainer was adapted for small corrections in buccolingual direction. For teeth restoration, a diagnostic cast and wax-up was made to allow the construction of a silicone matrix. A nanohybrid and a microhybrid composite were chosen and placed following the silicone matrix adjusted to the palatal side of the teeth. After finishing and polishing procedures, the esthetic result was very satisfactory for both the patient and the dental staff. The clinical relevance of this case indicates that it is possible to train undergraduate students to achieve success treating adverse midline diastema in a short period of time throw planning and interaction among different dental specialties (AU)

Laser-photobiomodulation on titanium implant bone healing in rat model: comparison between 660- and 808-nm wavelength.

Laser-photobiomodulation (L-PBM) has been widely studied and its biomodulatory effects have been established on irradiated cells, increasing viability and proliferation and on damaged tissues. In addition, L-PBM may reduce and modulate the inflammatory process. The effect of 660-nm and 808-nm laser-photobiomodulation on bone repair around titanium dental implants placed in rat's femur was evaluated by histomorphometry. Twenty-seven Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups of nine animals: group C - non-irradiated control; group R - λ=660nm irradiated; and group IR - λ=808nm irradiated. Each group was further divided in 3 subgroups of three animals each, according to histomorphometry analysis in 3 days, 7 days, and 14 days after irradiation. Histological H.E.-stained slides were photographed, and bone matrix measured in new-formed bone area. Bone matrix histomorphometry analysis indicates that at 7 days in the irradiated groups (R and IR), a bigger area matrix was observed in relation to control group (C) (p=0.04 and p=0.048 respectively). On the other hand, at 14 days, control group (C) presented a bigger area than infrared irradiated (IR) (p=0.001) and red irradiated group (R) also showed a bigger area than infrared irradiated group (IR) (p=0.019). Histological analysis indicates that irradiated groups (R and IR) exhibited a faster bone tissue matrix production than control group.

Laser photobiomodulation in pressure ulcer healing of human diabetic patients: gene expression analysis of inflammatory biochemical markers.

Pressure ulcers (PU) are wounds located mainly on bone surfaces where the tissue under pressure suffers ischemia leading to cellular lesion and necrosis , its causes and the healing process depend on several factors. The aim of this study was evaluating the gene expression of inflammatory/reparative factors: IL6, TNF, VEGF, and TGF, which take part in the tissue healing process under effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT). In order to perform lesion area analysis, PUs were photographed and computer analyzed. Biochemical analysis was performed sa.mpling ulcer border tissue obtained through biopsy before and after laser therapy and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis. The study comprised eight individuals, mean age sixty-two years old, and sacroiliac and calcaneous PU, classified as degree III and IV according to the National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (NPUAP). PUs were irradiated with low-level laser (InGaAIP, 100 mW, 660 nm), energy density 2 J/cm2, once a day, with intervals of 24 h, totaling 12 applications. The lesion area analysis revealed averaged improvement of the granulation tissue size up to 50% from pre- to post-treatment. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that IL6 values were not significantly different before and after treatment, TNF gene expression was reduced, and VEFG and TGF-ß gene expression increased after treatment. After LLLT, wounds presented improvement in gross appearance, with increase in factors VEFG and TGF-ß, and reduction of TNF; despite our promising results, they have to be analyzed carefully as this study did not have a control group.

Tratamento da maloclusão de Classe II divisão 2, subdivisão esquerda, mordida cruzada invertida unilateral esquerda, em paciente adulto braquifacial severo utilizando a terapia bioprogressiva de ricketts: relato de caso / Treatment of class ii division 2 malocclusion, left subdivision, left unilateral inverted crossbite in severe brachyfacial adult patient using ricketts' bioprogressive therapy: case report

Situação atual: As maloclusões de Classe II com mordida profunda fazem parte dos problemas mais frequentes apresentados pelos pacientes. No Brasil, podem atingir 42%, sendo 36% divisão 1 e 6% divisão 2. Podem ser tratadas utilizando-se aparelhos fixos e removíveis, com e sem extrações dentárias e a curva de Spee no arco inferior pode ainda ser nivelada com a extrusão de pré-molares ou com a intrusão de incisivos e caninos. Material e métodos: Será apresentado o tratamento de uma maloclusão de Classe II, divisão 2, subdivisão esquerda, com mordida profunda, mordida cruzada invertida do lado esquerdo e bruxismo com desgaste total das coroas dos dentes anteriores inferiores. O paciente masculino, leucoderma, 65 anos foi tratado utilizando-se aparelho fixo, com mecânica ortodôntica bioprogressiva, para expandir o arco inferior e nivelar o plano oclusal, ganhando altura para reconstruir proteticamente as coroas dos dentes anteriores inferiores perdidos, corrigindo o torque e intruindo os incisivos superiores, além de corrigir a relação de Classe II sem extrações. Resultados: A altura necessária para reconstruir as coroas dos incisivos inferiores foi reestabelecida e relação molar de Classe I foi obtida com o uso de elásticos de Classe II e sem extrações de pré-molares. Conclusão: O tratamento dessa maloclusão foi realizado de forma satisfatória, utilizando-se a terapia bioprogressiva de Ricketts e devolvendo ao paciente forma e função. (AU)

Background: Class II deep bite malocclusions are among the most frequent problems presented in patients. In Brazil, they can reach 42%, being 36% division 1 and 6% division 2. They can be treated using fixed or removable appliances, with or without extractions and the Spee curve in the lower arch can also be leveled with premolars extrusion or with incisors and canines intrusion. Material and methods: Treatment of a Class II malocclusion, division 2 subdivision left, with deep bite, inverted crossbite on the left side and bruxism with full wear of the lower anterior teeth crowns. Male, leucoderm, 65 years old patient was treated using fixed appliance with bioprogressive orthodontic mechanics to expand the lower arch and to level the occlusal plane, gaining height to rebuild prosthetically the lost lower anterior teeth crowns, correcting axial inclination and intruding the upper incisors while correcting the Class II relation without extractions. Results: Vertical height necessary to rebuild prosthetically the lost lower anterior teeth crowns was reestablished and molar Class I relation was obtained using Class II elastics without premolars extractions. Conclusion: The treatment of this malocclusion was satisfactory finished using Ricketts bioprogressive therapy and returning form and function to the patient. (AU)

Avaliação tomográfica do comprimento dos dentes anteriores / Tomographic evaluation of anterior teeth length

Odontometria é uma fase da Endodontia que mede o comprimento de trabalho usando radiografias e/ou um localizador apical. A tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico é o exame de eleição para detectar alterações orofaciais devido à alta fidelidade dos resultados, mas não tem sido usada frequentemente em Endodontia para medir o comprimento dental e detectar desvios anatômicos. Tomografias de feixe cônico de pacientes em tratamento ortodôntico foram analisadas (n=120 dentes) para medir o comprimento dentário e avaliar variações em comparação aos padrões estabelecidos pela literatura. Cortes foram feitos no maior eixo vestíbulo-­lingual de cada dente onde a distância ápice-incisal foi tomada, média e desvio padrão foram calculados para cada grupo de dentes, e medidas máximas e mínimas identificadas. As médias encontradas são similares à literatura (incisivos centrais superiores 23 mm; incisivos laterais superiores 22,0 mm; caninos superiores 24 mm; incisivos centrais inferiores 21 mm; incisivos laterais inferiores 22 mm e caninos inferiores 25 mm), mas variações significativas de comprimento dentro de cada grupo de dentes foram encontradas (incisivos centrais superiores, máximo 25,5 mm e mínimo 19,5 mm; incisivos laterais superiores, máximo 25,6 mm e mínimo 17,2 mm; caninos superiores, máximo 29,3 mm e mínimo 19,1 mm; incisivos centrais inferiores, máximo 23,1 mm e mínimo 19,0 mm; incisivos laterais inferiores, máximo 25,8 mm e mínimo 19,4 mm e caninos inferiores, máximo 30,6 mm e mínimo 19,5 mm). Devido às grandes variações no comprimento dental e à alta fidelidade das medidas apresentadas pela tomografia de feixe cônico, concluímos que ela deveria tornar-se mais utilizada antes de iniciar novos tratamentos endodônticos (AU).

Odontometrics is a phase of Endodontics that measures the working height using radiographs and/or an apex indicator. Cone beam tomography is the elected examination to detect orofacial alterations, due to the high fidelity of its results. However it has not been frequently used in Endodontics to measure dental height and detect anatomic deviations. Cone beam tomographies of patients under orthodontic treatment were analyzed (n=120 teeth) to measure dental height and evaluate variations compared to literature established patterns. Cuts were made in the bigger vestibule--lingual axis of each tooth were apex-incisal measurements were taken, average and standard deviation were calculated for each group of teeth, and higher and smaller measures were identified. Averages found were similar to those described on the literature (upper central incisor 23 mm; upper lateral incisors 22 mm; upper canines 24 mm; lower central incisors 21 mm; lower lateral incisors 22 mm and lower canines 25 mm), but significant variations of height in each group of teeth were found (upper central incisors, maximum 25.5 mm and minimum 19.5 mm; upper lateral incisors, maximum 25.6 mm and minimum 17.2 mm; upper canines, maximum 29.3 mm and minimum 19.1 mm; lower central incisors, maximum 23.1 mm and minimum 19.0 mm; lower lateral incisors, maximum 25.8 mm and minimum 19.4 mm and lower canines, maximum 30.6 mm and minimum 19.5 mm). It was concluded that due to high variations in dental height and high fidelity of cone beam tomography, measures, it should become more used before starting new endodontic treatments (AU).

Comparative Study of the Physiotherapeutic and Drug Protocol and Low-Level Laser Irradiation in the Treatment of Pain Associated with Temporomandibular Dysfunction.

BACKGROUND: The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a structure of the craniofacial complex affected by neurological diseases. Orthopedic and musculoskeletal changes can also cause temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and pain. Low-level laser (LLL) therapy has been studied in the treatment of temporomandibular jaw (TMJ) dysfunction, and controversial results were obtained. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this work was comparing the physiotherapeutic and drug protocol (PDP) to LLL therapy in the treatment of pain associated with TMD. METHODS: A sample of 60 female patients, 20-50 years of age, TMD triggering agents (stress, parafunctional habits) controlled, was randomly divided into three groups, group 1 (G1)-LLL (780 nm laser, dose of 35.0 J/cm2, for 20 sec, thrice a week, for 4 weeks); group 2 (G2)-PDP (hot packs thrice a day, morning, afternoon, and evening, for 15 min, exercise of opening and closing the mouth, twice a day, myorelaxing and anti-inflammatory drug administration); and group 3 (G3)-Placebo (450 nm halogen lamp, Max LD Gnatus, light curing unit). RESULTS: Patients were evaluated every return appointment for the presence (P) or absence (A) of pain for 4 weeks and results were statistically analyzed. First week: 60% of G1, 100% G2, and 70% of G3-related pain. Second week: 55% of G1, 15% of G2, and 100% of G3-related pain. Third week: 10% of G1, 15% of G2, and 85% of G3-related pain. Last week: 0% of G1, 0% of G2, and 100% of G3-related pain. CONCLUSIONS: Based on obtained data, we concluded that, compared to PDP, LLL treatment is effective to control pain associated with TMD.

Direct Dental Tracks by Marcos Cavalcanti.

In this article, we will describe the modus operandi ofdirect dental tracks to intercept some maocclusions. These tracks are accessible to orthodontists, pediatric dentists, and general practitioners and can be implemented as soon a malocclusion is detected, thus restoring bilateral occlusal balance and normal individual growth and development.

Evaluation of the Proliferative Effects Induced by Low-Level Laser Therapy in Bone Marrow Stem Cell Culture.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of laser irradiation on dog bone marrow stem cells. BACKGROUND DATA: Low doses of low-level red laser positively affect the viability of mesenchymal stem cells, and also increase proliferation. METHODS: Low-level laser (wavelength, 660 nm; power output, 50 mW), was applied to dog bone marrow stem cell cultures (DBMSC). The energy densities delivered varied from 1 to 12J/cm(2). The effect of the laser irradiation was evaluated on cell proliferation measured with the MTT colorimetric test, cell cycle phase, and on lipidic peroxidation (free radical production). RESULTS: The results indicate that laser irradiation to DBMSC did not change the morphology of the cells, but significantly increased their viability and the number of cells at the G2/M phase with 6, 10, and 12 J/cm(2). On the other hand, malonaldehyde production was significantly enhanced with 8 J/cm(2). CONCLUSIONS: The parameters used to irradiate DBMSC increased significantly proliferation without producing high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Classe I com apinhamentos: relato de caso clínico / Class I anterior crowding: case report

Nesse caso, a má oclusão de Classe I com apinhamentos anteriores, foi tratada utilizando aparelho fixo com mecânica ortodôntica bioprogressiva para nivelar o plano oclusal e ganhar espaço para posicionar os dentes no arco dentário sem extração, atingindo uma oclusão funcional mantida com o uso de uma contenção funcional com placa planas 1. A terapia bioprogressiva mostrou eficiência na correção do plano oclusal, no ganho de espaços no arco dentário e a contenção funcional com placa planas ficou responsável pela manutenção da estabilidade dos resultados obtidos. O assunto é de relevância clínica já que as más oclusões de Classe I com apinhamentos anteriores estão entre os problemas mais frequentes apresentados pelos pacientes em nossa clínica diária, podendo atingir 30%6 a 77%17 da população. A correção da curva de Spee preservando o plano oclusal funcional respeita as características individuais e permite a correção dessa má oclusão obtendo resultados estáveis e estéticos

This Class I malocclusion with anterior crowding was corrected, using bioprogressive fixed mechanics to leveling the occlusal plane and win space to settle all teeth on the dental arch, reaching a functional occlusion, retained by a planas1 plate orthopedics retention. Bioprogressive therapy is effective correcting the occlusal plane, winning space in the dental arch, and the planas plate functional retention was responsible for keeping the stability of the results. This subject is clinically relevant, as Angle Class I malocclusions with anterior crowding are among the most frequent problems related by patients, 30%6 to 77%17 of the population that come over dental offices. Correcting Spee curve respecting functional occlusal plane preserves individual characteristics and allow the correction of this malocclusion with stable and esthetic results.